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Dari Lockerbie sampai 9/11, Jejak Teror Penerbangan Amerika
Artikel membahas jejak teror penerbangan di Amerika, dimulai dari pemboman Pan Am 103 di Lockerbie, Skotlandia pada 1988 yang menewaskan 270 orang oleh dua perwira intelijen Libya, hingga serangan 9/11 pada 2001 yang menewaskan sekitar 3.000 jiwa melalui pembajakan empat pesawat. Kedua peristiwa ini mendorong perubahan signifikan dalam keamanan penerbangan, termasuk pemeriksaan bagasi dengan sinar-X, pencocokan bagasi dengan penumpang, pembatasan cairan, serta aturan '3-1-1' oleh TSA pasca-upaya penggagalan serangan bom cair oleh pihak berwenang Inggris.
Poin-Poin Utama
- Pan Am Flight 103, Boeing 747-100 (registration N739PA), exploded over Lockerbie, Scotland on December 21, 1988.
- All 259 people on board died, plus 11 on the ground, totaling 270 fatalities.
- Bomb hidden inside a cassette tape caused the explosion.
- Unaccompanied suitcase transferred at Malta airport onto Pan Am 103.
- Suspects: Libyan intelligence officers Abdelbaset al-Megrahi and Lamin Khalifah Fhimah.
- FAA ordered X-ray/physical checks on all checked baggage at US airline counters in Europe and Middle East.
- FAA introduced stricter cargo controls and training standards for private screeners.
- September 11, 2001: four planes seized nearly simultaneously.
- First plane hit World Trade Center North Tower at 08:46 local time; second hit South Tower at 09:03.
- Both 110-story towers collapsed in under two hours.
- Third plane struck west side of Pentagon.
- Fourth plane crashed in a field in Pennsylvania.
- 9/11 death toll: approximately 3,000 people.
- TSA initially requested voluntary shoe removal, made mandatory within five years.
- TSA banned most liquids, gels, aerosols, later replaced by 3-1-1 rule: 3.4 oz containers in one 1-quart clear bag.
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